1.      5S的定义(Definition of 5S):

5S是指整理，整顿，清扫，清洁，纪律。日语的发音各为SEIRI，SEITON，SEISO，SEIKETSU，SHITSUKE，因其第1个字母都是S，因此简称”5S”。5S的定义如下:

5S means distinguish, arranging, cleaning, keep clean, discipline respectively. In Japanese, they read as: seiri, seiton, seiso, seiketsu, shitsuke respectively. Because they are all s-prefix, so Japanese call them “5S”. The definition of 5S is as bellow:

(1)    整理(Distinguish):

*分开「需要」与「不需要」的东西。

Distinguish “useful” and “useless” things.

*丢弃或适当处理不需要的东西。

Discard or dispose useless things.

*保管需要的东西。

Safekeeping useful things.

整理为5S的基础，也是效率的第一步，先清理不需要的东西，以腾出现场的作业空间，藉此塑造清爽的工程环境。由于先清理不需要的东西，可使员工不必每天反复不需要的整顿及清扫工作。所以整理为5S的基础，也是效率的第一步，其主要对象为「空间运用的合理化」。

Distinguish is the basis of 5S, it’s also the first step of enhance efficiency. After disposing useless things, we can enlarge work space and make working environment more conformable. Since useless things has been screened out, the operators don’t need to arrange them again and again. So distinguish is the basis of 5S, the major target is “Reasonable using the work space”.  

(2)    整顿(Arrange):

*将东西定位。

Put things in specific location.

*将东西标示。

Marking the things.

*将东西归位。

Put things in the right location.

整顿为东西放置的标准化，使人员在需要的时候，可以很快找到所需要的东西。整顿亦透过「广告牌」及「标示」的目视管理，如同超级市场一样，不管是谁都能很快找到自己想要的东西。因此，整顿的最终目的为创造「一目了然的工作环境」，其主要对象为「缩短物品的寻找时间」。

Arrangement means to standardize storage location of things, it will let everyone find anything which they need. There are 2 kinds of tools can be used to arrange things: “kan-ban” and “marking”, it’s just like in supermarket, anyone can find they want by looking “kan-ban” and “marking”. So the major target of arrange is “Create a clear working environment”, then “shorten the time of looking for things”.$Page_Split$

(3)    清扫(Clean):

*消除污垢。

Eliminate dirty.

*自主保养的第一步。

Preventive maintain.

员工透过清扫的行为，以早期发现设备的异音，异温，松动…等，而达到全面生产保养的目的。因此，清扫的最终目的为创造「高稼动率的工作场所」，其主要对象为「保持环境整洁及设备的高可靠度」。

Though the cleaning, we can find preliminary deviation of machine. This will let us finish the target of “total preventive maintenance”. So the major target of cleaning is “ Create high efficient working environment”, then “Keep environment clean and with high reliability”.   

(4)    清洁(Keep clean):

*维持整理，整顿，清扫的既有水平。

Keep the effect of “distinguish”, “arrange”, and “clean”.

*根绝脏乱源头。

Eradicate the root cause of dirty.

彻查脏乱发生的源头，并加以改善。例如在发现设备有异音，异温，松动…等现象时，即应找出异常之原因及预防再发的方法。因此，清洁应有追根究底的科学精神，其最终目的为创造「明朗的工作场所」。

Find the root cause of dirty and improve it. For example, if someone find any deviation for machine, he should find out the root cause and take in preventive action. So “keep clean” means “science mind for solving problem”, and “to create a clear working environment”.

(5)    纪律(Discipline):

*养成守法精神。

To obey the rule.

*养成习惯。

Make “obey rule” to a custom.

透过不断的教育训练，奖励措施及考核方式，使人员养成作业习惯。如此才能将良好的工作方式持续推展。待人员习惯于良好的作业习惯后，无论对产品质量或效率提升皆有很大的帮助。

Though continuous training, award, and audit to form a habit. Let the good idea can be performed for long term. If everyone can get used to the habit, the quality productivity and efficiency will be greatly enhanced.$Page_Split$

 

 

在丰田生产方式中，指出生产现场的7项浪费如下:

There are 7 types of waste in TOYOTA production method:

*制造过多的浪费。

Manufacture too many.

*待工待料的浪费。

Wait for material or machine.

*搬运的浪费。

Transportation.

*加工本身的浪费。

Unnecessary machining.

*库存的浪费。

Stock.

*动作的浪费。

Unnecessary motion.

*制造不良的浪费。

Defective product.

藉由5S的执行，对上述浪费的改善关系如下图所示:

The relationship between 5S and waste is as below table: